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transmission line sub

Printed From: the12volt.com
Forum Name: Car Audio
Forum Discription: Car Stereos, Amplifiers, Crossovers, Processors, Speakers, Subwoofers, etc.
URL: https://www.the12volt.com/installbay/forum_posts.asp?tid=104392
Printed Date: May 10, 2024 at 4:08 AM


Topic: transmission line sub

Posted By: teenkertoy
Subject: transmission line sub
Date Posted: May 01, 2008 at 5:18 AM


***** this is a work in progress and will be updated as I go *****

The goal of this thread is to document my all-out attempt to build a transmission line subwoofer, one of the most difficult yet rewarding enclosures. It's worth mentioning a thread started by aznboi3644 and the replies really intrigued me. I hope those interested in a TL box can learn from my experience. There is very limited knowledge on how to properly build one, this is no simple sealed box we're talking about! Nevertheless, here we go.

Design goals:
  • frequency response from 20hz to 60hz at +-3db
  • response must blend seamlessly into component speakers up front, including cabin gain
  • high efficiency woofer and enclosure to minimize amp power
  • class D amplifier for high efficiency, low heat, small size, and small power cables
  • installation must be clean, and enclosure must be production quality

Steps taken:
  • measure cabin gain of my vehicle and graph it
  • design hypothetical subwoofer to compliment measured cabin gain
  • select high efficiency woofer with low Fs to help achieve goal of 20hz and low power requirements
  • select amplifier to compliment the woofer in power rating and crossover frequencies
  • research to find useful information about building the transmission line (won't be easy!)
  • design transmission line with cabin gain, woofer properties, and physical limitations in mind
  • build enclosure striving for production quality
  • install amp and enclosure, again striving for top quality
  • last, measure frequency response, and celebrate!


---

Step the first: measure cabin gain of my vehicle


A subwoofer sitting on the shelf in a store will sound different when installed in your car, and it will sound completely different if sitting out in the open or in an anechoic chamber. Ever notice how subwoofers in an electronics store are usually contained in a small room you have to walk into in order to listen to them (hint hint)? The interior shape and size of your car, the materials used to build the car, and any stuff you have inside it will affect the frequency response of the subwoofer. Each car is unique in this respect, and so is every dining room for home theater installations (my other hobby). This effect is called cabin gain.

To measure how my car will affect the response of my transmission line, I needed to run a few tests. First, I placed my home theater sub (a Bowers & Wilkins ASW600) on a chair in my backyard, careful to make sure it was not near any large walls or objects that might alter the response. Then I played test tones and measured the response of the sub out in the open, which is as close as I can get to an anechoic chamber which is what all enclosure simulation and calculating software assumes. Then I repeated the test placing my ASW600 sub in my car facing rearward like I plan the transmission line to.

I used a Belar spectrum analyzer connected to the best microphone I could find for this test. It is a Sennhieser 421 which has a frequency response rated down to 30hz, the lowest I can get my hands on. This is important to remember, any values below 30hz must be accepted with a grain of salt, they are not as accurate as the higher frequencies. There is a microphone preamplifier between the Sennhieser and the Belar, which should be transparent to these tests. The mic was placed one foot in front of the woofer in my backyard, and was sitting on a small mic stand in my front seat when the sub was in my car. After many attempts both inside the car and out, waiting for the wind to die down and averaging the data over many minutes, I came up with the following two graphs.

posted_image

And here's the result I was looking for. This is simply the difference of the two lines in the previous graph, and it shows how my vehicle affects the frequency response of a sub.

posted_image

So, what does this all mean? Looking at the first graph first, the sub placed in my backyard has a fairly gentle roll off from about 55hz and lower. When placed inside my car the response peaks sharply at about 55hz and rolls off in both directions. The data I want from this test is in the second graph. Other than a peak at 28hz, there is a rise of 8db from 20hz to 60hz. The slope from 60hz and up can be disregarded because I will have a low-pass filter on the amplifier anyhow. Good to know! Now I can keep this in mind going forward, to make sure my transmission line compliments the cabin gain of my car.

Step the second: design hypothetical subwoofer to compliment measured cabin gain



Replies:

Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 01, 2008 at 5:19 AM
keep in mind, this is a work in progress, please don't reply just yet.

space reserved

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Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 01, 2008 at 6:09 AM
Step the second: design hypothetical subwoofer to compliment measured cabin gain


Lets start with a picture.

posted_image

Or not, I'm not sure what the issue is, I can't see the picture on my preview window here. Anyhow, what I'm trying to show is the measured cabin gain, and the response of a hypothetical sub I want to build. From 20 to 60hz, the cabin gain increases by 8db. So my sub would have to decrease by 8db in order to have a flat response when installed in the car.

Having such a low frequency peak and roll off on the high side is not easy to do when building a sub, and very difficult with a sealed or vented enclosure. A bandpass might be able to, but would need a resonant frequency terribly low and the enclosure would grow huge in size. The transmission line however, can extend the response of a woofer well below it's resonant frequency, and be really efficient while doing it. Have you ever heard of a single 4" woofer achieve response down to 35hz!? It's been done, there are a few examples here and here So, expecting a response down to 20hz from a 10" woofer should be no problem, if properly designed!

On the subject of cabinet size, it has to fit in my car. I'd like to not sacrifice all of my cargo room for the box, but I know to do this properly will require a decent amount of space. The box must also be removable in case I need the cargo room. After taking measurements in the rear cargo area of my Jeep behind the back seats, I came up with the following: 34" wide, 33" deep, and as short as possible. The height of the box will be influenced mostly by the woofer choice, how large the woofer is, and the internal volume I need for the transmission line. Thus, the height will be a variable I can play with if I need more or less volume for the transmission line.

So there we have it. The hypothetical subwoofer will be 34" by 33" and some unknown height, removable, and have a frequency response that peaks around 20hz and slops downward towards 60hz. Of course it must also be production quality and look beautiful. On to the next step.

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: aznboi3644
Date Posted: May 01, 2008 at 12:14 PM
If you want some a nice modeling program go to Quarter Wave

it costs some money but its good.

only thing is that knowing how the response of the TL will be inside the vehicle is hard to determine. I installed my TL from my thread you mentioned in my friends Oldsmobile Bravada...the difference in the response was crazy. Same sub same amp...the enclosure in my Explorer raped it hands down. Still sounded good but no where near as flat or loud.




Posted By: haemphyst
Date Posted: May 01, 2008 at 12:50 PM
Been there... Done that...

azn is right, though... Even with a properly constructed TL, your response WILL change. Dramatically.

The saddest part about a TL, is there really isn't any tuning, per se, to it. It's all going to rely most heavily on cabin (which you are trying to address) and EQ.

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It all reminds me of something that Molière once said to Guy de Maupassant at a café in Vienna: "That's nice. You should write it down."




Posted By: DYohn
Date Posted: May 01, 2008 at 1:17 PM
That's why the best way to "tune' a TL enclosure, in my opinion, is to install it with an open line (whether in room or in car) set up your test gear and RTA and start stuffin'.  posted_image

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Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 01, 2008 at 2:54 PM
aznboi3644:
Yep, that's what I'm using as a base to build the box. King's work is really nice, I have a lot of respect for the guy. Expect some screen shots of his worksheets in action!

haemphyst:
Nice thread! Why I couldn't find it a month ago when I started this project is beyond me... Did you ever post the RTA measurements? That is something I'm very interested in. You say you hit just over 110db using 1kw of power? Or did I read that wrong? I'm aiming for something highly efficient and I'd love to see your numbers.

DYohn:
I'm building the box right now actually, should have a rough skeleton done tonight. All the stuff I want to write is lagging behind the build though, otherwise you'd see all the tweaking I've been doing with King's worksheets. But yes, agreed, I'm starting with an unloaded line and plan to add stuffing later if needed. The simulation shows a near perfect match to my cabin gain without stuffing, so perhaps I won't need it. We'll see!

More posts to follow, but now it's time to earn some money keeping my radio station on the air : )

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: jmelton86
Date Posted: May 01, 2008 at 6:05 PM

Subscribed!



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2013 Kia Rio -90a alternator
DDX470HD GTO14001 GTO1014D (x3)
Big3 in 1/0G
1/0G to GTO14001




Posted By: aznboi3644
Date Posted: May 01, 2008 at 9:02 PM
yeah I plan on making an SQ t-line soon once I get some time...I plan on making it folded only once like Hams then stuff it to try to get a flat response. Stuffing my T-line is not that easy with the way it is folded.




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 02, 2008 at 4:36 AM
I wanted to keep writing tonight but it's after 2am and I've got a big day tomorrow including a photography credential for the Sharks game that needs to be abused a little bit. I love my job!

Saturday though, I'll be back with lots of writing, build pics, and some first impressions. The wood glue is drying right now. Good night.

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: haemphyst
Date Posted: May 02, 2008 at 12:34 PM
So... You're in San Jose? I get up there on a regular basis, and my brother and I have been known to SHOW UP for Sharks games! (We sometimes actually SEE them, too!)

Yeah, let us know! I love TL's...

For SUBJECTIVE opinions, Ask DYohn, dwarren, tcss, jfinks, and hamzter (who I have not seen online in about a year), but the responses from them have all been very positive! They have all heard it.

My input is this: Smooth, perfectly integrated, deep - like subterranean deep... Linearity is fantastic! One of the most impressive aspects of my system is the way the sub doesn't sound like it's behind me. It integrates so smoothly with the doors, that it sounds like the sub is in the kick panels. The install manager at my local Best Buy has been working on an SQ system for his car for a LONG time (he says) and is now asking me for tips!

OBJECTIVELY, I'll have to run an RTA again, and get a few screenshots... Swamped this weekend, but I'll try to get something soon!

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It all reminds me of something that Molière once said to Guy de Maupassant at a café in Vienna: "That's nice. You should write it down."




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 02, 2008 at 3:15 PM
Hah! What are the chances of that. It seems like every time I meet someone new they always live on the other side of the country. But the one guy's car I would like to listen to, he lives nearby!? Awesome. When my box is all done, do you want to meet up for lunch sometime?

I gotta get back to the garage, the car is still in pieces but I need to be somewhere in two hours ...

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: aznboi3644
Date Posted: May 02, 2008 at 3:19 PM
Haem...how low does your TL audibly play down to??

Mine plays down to 25Hz...you can still feel it pretty well...thats unstuffed...then pretty much immediately after that it just falls on its face...lol




Posted By: haemphyst
Date Posted: May 02, 2008 at 3:34 PM
Dude! Count me in! (You have PM) Better hurry! It's never as easy putting things together as you think they will be!

IIRC, my Fs is right about 24Hz. It goes respectably down to that, but that IS with one 10 incher, too... posted_image I've never been able to even REMOTELY call it an output monster, it ain't that, at all... Flat, articulate, and deep, though...

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It all reminds me of something that Molière once said to Guy de Maupassant at a café in Vienna: "That's nice. You should write it down."




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 03, 2008 at 5:39 AM
Right on, and thanks for the PM too.

Aaaaand, back on topic. The wood glue and caulk is all dry, the wiring for the amplifier is nearly done, but I need to sand down the box a little bit. The cuts on the MDF were a pinch less than square so the top of the box doesn't seal properly. Looks like tomorrow will be a fun day with the belt sander ...

Stay tuned for more of my research and simulation screencaps, I'll post them later today.

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 04, 2008 at 4:11 AM
Step the third: high efficiency woofer with low Fs to help achieve goal of 20hz and low power requirements


Efficiency of a woofer is measured in decibels (db), and the industry standard is 1 watt / 1 meter. This means put one watt of power through the woofer and place a microphone one meter from the front. The signal being played is often not mentioned, but it could be a reference 1khz tone or most anything else imaginable so long as the amplifier is putting out 1watt of power.

The decibel scale is a little like the Richter scale, in that the energy increases exponentially with respect to the reading. On the Richter Scale, a 4.0 earthquake releases 1,000 times the energy of a 2.0 earthquake. The decibel scale however, doubles every +-3db. So a reading of 6db is twice as great as 3db, just the same as 87db is twice as great as 84. If you think about competitions where cars are putting out 140db and higher, it's humbling to think about your "rig" that can sustain 120db !

On top of efficiency, I want to find a woofer with a low Fs, the resonant frequency of the speaker. The lower this number is, the lower I can tune the enclosure and the easier it will be to reach my goal of 20hz. This concept is true of all enclosures I know of, but don't let this number be the only thing you consider. Afterall, it's just a number.

With that in mind, I began to look at 10" woofers within my price range, and about 300-400w power handling to match the amplifiers I have in mind. Using such sites as crutchfield, woofersetc, sonicelectronics, and tons of reading forums like this one for user reviews, I found a few to choose from:

             RMS / Fs / db
Alpine Type-R 500 / 31 / 83
Boston G210   300 / 37 / 83
Eclipse SW8000           625 / 18 / ??
Infinity Kappa 102.7w   350 / 20 / 89
Infinity Perfect 10dvc    400 / 25 / 90
JBL Power     400 / 34 / 92
JL 10W3v3     500 / 31 / 85
Kicker 08 S10 L52       450 / 33 / 86
Rockford Fosgate P3 400 / 29 / 83

The Alpine, although highly reviewed, has miserable efficiency compared to the others. I would have to use 4x the wattage to match the Infinity or JBL. Same goes for the Boston, Rockford, and Eclipse since I can't find the rating. The JL and Kicker were hard to find at much less than retail price, so I scratched them as being too expensive. The JBL's Fs was way too high compared to the Infinity's, so scratch it too. This leaves the two Infinity woofers. The Perfect is their top-end and more expensive, but does not offer me anything except a few more watts and negligible efficiency. The Kappa is easy to get for less than retail, has a stunning Fs of 20hz, great efficiency, the power handling I was looking for, it's highly reviewed everywhere I look. I might add, it's beautiful in a not everything has to be chrome and shinny kind of way.

Sweet, $112 shipped.

posted_image

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 04, 2008 at 4:15 AM

I figured out why I couldn't post an image earlier. The system doesn't like images with hyphens in their name. So, here is the image I wanted to put up for step 2, on the bottom of the first page.

posted_image

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 04, 2008 at 4:46 AM
Step the fourth: select amplifier to compliment the woofer in power rating and crossover frequencies


Power ratings are very often misunderstood. To skip a big rant on my part, lets just summarize that RMS power ratings are good, and MAX power ratings are bad. Also, pay attention to the impedance listed right after the wattage. If your amp can do 1kw at 1ohm but you only have one woofer at 4ohms, then you're screwed and wind up with 250w being used. Always match impedance of the woofer(s) and the amplifier.

Crossover frequencies however, are really simple. I want a low-pass filter, which skims away all the high frequency signal and leaves me with just the low frequencies. From the measurements in earlier steps and experience with home theater, I know I want my crossover to be set in the 45hz to 55hz range, so I need to find an amp that can filter this low.

Also, I know that certain designs like the transmission line and the bandpass enclosures have a tendency to blow up woofers if they are overdriven below the system's resonant frequency, much more easily than other boxes. This is often called unloading, where the woofer is no longer encountering resistance to it's movement from the air pressure. The only force restraining it at these frequencies is the surround and the spider materials, not the big cushion of air like in a sealed box. To counter this, I'll find an amplifier that has a subsonic filter to roll-off the frequencies below 20hz or so. Frequencies below about 30hz are often called subsonic and the consumer is often misled to believe these are "bad" or "useless" because we can't hear them. I like to think the opposite.

When you experience music or movies that have sub-30hz material, there is a certain realism that shines. It's like in Jurassic Park when the T-Rex is first introduced in the movie. He doesn't make a big roar, and the characters don't really know what they're hearing when he is approaching. The big clue is the glass of water vibrating with each foot step. The audio is felt, not heard, this is what I want!

So using the websites mentioned above with reviews, I narrowed it down to the following amps:

                    RMS@4     RMS@2     Subsonic
Alpine MRP-500          300     500     15 hz
Eclipse XA1000          320     480     18 hz
Kenwood KAC8104          300     500     15/25
McItosh MCC301M          300     600     20/28

All four of them have exactly what I'm looking for, and match the woofer I choose in power handling (350w RMS). I will run the woofer in 4ohm mode so the 4ohm power rating is what I'm looking at. All of these amps also have a great subsonic filter just below 20hz. I was looking at JL amps however, and their subsonic filters are set at 30hz !? For such such quality products, I cannot for the life of me figure out why they set the filters so high.

Anyhow, the first one of these four I found at a decent price was a used Eclipse XA1000. The McIntosh was tough to find, and they were usually quite expensive : )

Awesome, $85 shipped.

posted_image

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 04, 2008 at 5:25 AM
Step the fifth: research to find useful information about building the transmission line (won't be easy!)


And it certainly wasn't easy. It seems transmission line enclosures are a bit esoteric, nobody really knows how to predict it's performance but some people can often get great results by building, modifying, building, and changing a few more times. A lot of the designs I see people make are copies of one another which further illustrates how difficult it is to make something from scratch or a specific size.

The infant stages of reading was based off search engines and forums which yielded mediocre results. One thing let to another I found a few people who seemed to know what they were doing:

aznboi3655's thread

aznboi's thread led me to these articles

and later led me to haemphyst’s system

Transmission Line Speakers .org
Here are many projects that are single full-range woofers and some systems reach an incredible 35hz all the way up to 20khz. There is some good information on the site, and on the member's projects' sites as well.

Brines Acoustics
This guy builds full range transmission line speakers and sells them, but is not shy to share what he knows about building them. His site is a great resource and one of the first times I heard about Dr. Martin King's research.

Pearls from Martin King Quarter Wave Design
This was a huge turning point for me. To hear that somebody had a working model for building transmission lines was music to my ears. After looking around more, King's work is highly respected and his simulations are very accurate.

Quarter Wavelength Loudspeaker Design
If there is a person more respected in transmission line theory than this guy, I would be surprised. King's site is both the most rewarding and most frustrating source of information I found. His research is hugely in depth and at times hard to follow due to all the math, but after reading through it a few times the knowledge was amazing. This is THE site if you are competent with math and building enclosures.

King's most important piece of work, in my oppinion, is the worksheet for simulating transmission lines. You have to input a whole variety of theile-small parameters from your woofer, and completely guess what your box will be like. But from reading about everybody's projects above, a pattern started emerging. I won't go into details here because the above sites cover the material so well.

If you are serious about building a t-line, then do some reading and get comfortable with the concepts. When you're ready, go to King's site and pay the subscription fee to gain access to his worksheet. I promise you, it's totally worth it. I paid $25 for one year's access, with free updates and the understanding that King will reply to emails and help with questions as best he can. And yes, he did try to help me with my questions.

---

Once again I've worked myself into a corner and must get some sleep. I promised some build pics and all, but they are going to have to wait. But I will say the box hits so low, I need to build a new test CD. My disc only has test tones down to 25hz and I cannot hear any roll-off from 30hz to 25hz, so the response must hit 20 with ease. It's scary what notes this low feel like in music. I keep thinking someone is opening the garage door, or we're having an earthquake so I turn down the volume all the time to try and figure out what is shaking the neighborhood. Oh wait, that's me. Also, I'm using my ASW600's amplifier since the Eclipse XA1000 is still in the mail. The ASW600 is only putting out 150w, but already the system hits harder than my cousin's dual 10" at 350w. Score one for high sensitivity woofers!

Good night.

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 05, 2008 at 3:51 AM
Step the sixth: design transmission line with cabin gain, woofer properties, and physical limitations in mind


Lets start with Martin J. King's worksheet and inputting the theile-small parameters for my woofer. These numbers are found on the manufacturer's website and detail how a woofer will perform mathematically and are imperative for a good simulation.

His worksheet does not deal with dual voice coil woofers unfortunately. Because I'm wiring my coils in series, I will double the Re and Lvc values when putting them into the worksheet. King agrees with this concept, but has only worked with single voice coil woofers and is not absolutely sure. Hopefully in the measuring phase I can see if this was a good idea or not.
Note: Fd = Fs, Vad = Vas, Qed = Qes, Qmd = Qms, Qtd = Qts

posted_image

The next step is to set the transmission line length, taper if any, and stuffing if any. This required a LOT of guess-and-check to figure out how the values effect the frequency response of the system. In this step, I was trying to construct the frequency response of my hypothetical subwoofer from step two on the first page. Remember it needs to hit -3db by 20hz, and gradually roll-off by 8db as it approaches 60hz. The dimensions must also be no greater than 34" x 33" and some unknown height to adjust for internal volume.

After some quick drawings, I guesstimated I could put 120" of length inside my enclosure and still have it fit within my cargo area comfortably. So that is the length I started with, and coincidently, the length I ended with.

The tapered line tends to be most popular, because it will allow the shortest line at any given resonant frequency. This means you put the woofer at the large end of a tube and taper the other end into a smaller area, much like a reverse horn but linear rather than exponential. Lots of people have had success with a ratio of between 2:1 and 4:1, so I started with these and kept massaging the numbers little by little. Eventually I settled on a 2.1 : 0.7 ratio. These ratios are based on the surface area of the woofer I'm using, 339cm^2.

posted_image

This is very similar to the 3:1 ratio which I loved, but the internal volume required is more in line with the space I have available. Below is the frequency response curve of the box I plan to build. Not shown here is an impedance vs. frequency graph which shows the system's resonant frequency is at 22hz. The graph below shows much of what I am trying to achieve. The -3db point is in the very low 20's, there is a roll-off going towards 60hz, and for 1-watt of power the system is really efficient.

note: the red line is my box, the blue line is an infinite baffle with the same woofer for comparison. Notice how much more efficient the enclosure is? For the range I'm using, it's about 6db higher meaning 4x the output!
posted_image

There are dozens of graphs and ways to pull data from these worksheets and I don't want to cover them all, but there is one more I am interested in. Will my woofer be moving enough air to make a hissing noise as it passes through the tapered opening? (the terminus) To find out, we can simply scroll down a few pages to find this graph. The recommended highest air velocity is 10m/sec, and this box is close but definitely under the threshold.

posted_image

So there we have it. I need to build a box with 120" length of transmission line, with a taper ratio of 2.1 : 0.7 of the surface area of the woofer. The line must be folded into a box of 34" x 33" and 10.5" tall to house the woofer. The internal volume should be about 170 liters. It would be nice to have access to the entire length of the line so I can tune by adding stuffing later on.

---

Build pics, dimensions, and everything else to follow. The carpet will be glued on tomorrow morning, and the amplifier is arriving in the mail early this week.

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: haemphyst
Date Posted: May 05, 2008 at 8:38 AM
Huh... :)

(More on this comment later, but time doesn't allow at this moment.)

-------------
It all reminds me of something that Molière once said to Guy de Maupassant at a café in Vienna: "That's nice. You should write it down."




Posted By: aznboi3644
Date Posted: May 05, 2008 at 1:19 PM
About the power handling...the rated power is basically cut in half...In a transmission line there isn't really much of a chamber behind the sub...just a column of air. In a TL the sub is basically IB/free air. The enclosure doesn't really do much to control the excursion...pretty much the only parts controlling the sub is the soft parts...basically the spider and the surround.





Posted By: haemphyst
Date Posted: May 05, 2008 at 2:19 PM
haemphyst wrote:

Huh... :)

I said that because those are pretty close to the numbers I have always used for my TLs. 100 to 150% of Sd tapering to a terminus of around 50% of Sd.

aznboi3644 wrote:

About the power handling...the rated power is basically cut in half...In a transmission line there isn't really much of a chamber behind the sub...just a column of air. In a TL the sub is basically IB/free air. The enclosure doesn't really do much to control the excursion...pretty much the only parts controlling the sub is the soft parts...basically the spider and the surround.

Not true at all. BELOW RESONANCE, it is, but that is true with ANY vented enclosure. The air in the line does just as much damping of the cone as does a sealed enclosure. I feed 1kW into mine, and the system is only rated 700 watts (and that's only because there are two woofers...) In a straight line, as I have seen you build, it DEFINITELY becomes significantly more difficult to control the driver's excursion.

-------------
It all reminds me of something that Molière once said to Guy de Maupassant at a café in Vienna: "That's nice. You should write it down."




Posted By: aznboi3644
Date Posted: May 05, 2008 at 8:57 PM
ic...thanks for the clarification haem




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 06, 2008 at 2:09 AM
Yep, haemphyst is right. The mass of air plus the restriction caused by the small'ish opening and and polyfill is enough to dampen the woofer. Below the resonant frequency the woofer will "unload" and like you say, only be restricted by the surround and spider materials. This is why I was so keen on choosing an amplifier with a subsonic filter just below my resonant frequency.

And haemphyst, you seem to like the 3:1 ratios hmm? Sounds good to me!

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: whiterob
Date Posted: May 06, 2008 at 2:47 AM

teenkertoy wrote:


And haemphyst, you seem to like the 3:1 ratios hmm? Sounds good to me!

I'm actually building (or in the progress of) a TL for my car.  I'm actually going to be using about a 3 to 1 ratio as well.

It looks like you have a bit more work in the design of your TL.  Mine was not designed with the worksheet at all.  Hope yours turn out well.  I'd like to see pics when your done.  I know I'll hopefully be posting some pics when I'm done with mine as well.





Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 06, 2008 at 3:51 AM
Step the seventh: build enclosure striving for production quality


Using excel, for no other reason than convenience, I began the layout of the enclosure. The picture is the internal dimensions, and each square is one inch. The blue line is the audio path, which came out to nearly 120" as planned. The height of the box internally is 10.5", just a bit larger than the woofer itself. Should be a tight fit!

posted_image

Home Depot was nice enough to cut the wood for me, but I would later find out their saw is not square, curses! Here the box is assembled and glued together, but the top will not fit because none of the top edges are square and will result in massive air leakage. A belt sander and a little while later though, everything was flush and ready to get the top glued on. I added some polyfill at this point, to get a constant density of 0.25 lb/ft^3. There is some screen door fabric inside the line to keep the fiber from spilling out the end.

posted_image

There are a dozen screws along the top surface that helped sandwich it and the vertical pieces together despite all the sanding. I knew it wouldn't be absolutely perfect and wanted to make sure it was touching on all surfaces. The salt and pepper carpet not only hides the screws but also make the box look like a real enclosure, I'm starting to become giddy at this point! Here's a tip for rolling the carpet over the edge and forming a tight inside corner, like in the photo: use a tool with a wheel on the end. I used one designed for tucking in the rubber rings on screen windows, and it made all the difference in the world.

posted_image

The carpet is coming along nicely, except I don't know how to make the seam where two edges meet look decent. The best I can do is put the seam on the bottom of the box. It's clearly visible in the photo, but doesn't look bad once it's turned over.

posted_image

She's done! She's also a bit overweight and I need help to move her haha. I can't help but notice the big empty space between the terminus and the woofer. I'd love to put a big Infinity logo there, but not sure exactly how to make one. Or maybe some abstract art, I'm just not sure. Oh well, a project for another day.

posted_image

Also, the amplifier arrived in the mail today. It was a steal! The guy selling it posted pictures with moderate "scratches" all over the face and sides. Turns out these are simply sticky gunk and cleaned off easily. Not that it matters though, since it'll be under my back seat and out of view.

posted_image

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 06, 2008 at 3:57 AM
whiterob wrote:

I'm actually building (or in the progress of) a TL for my car. I'm actually going to be using about a 3 to 1 ratio as well.

It looks like you have a bit more work in the design of your TL. Mine was not designed with the worksheet at all. Hope yours turn out well. I'd like to see pics when your done. I know I'll hopefully be posting some pics when I'm done with mine as well.




Sweet! Please let me know when you get some photos posted. I'm really curious to learn which woofer and amp you chose too. It'll be fun to compare builds and results.

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: boogeyman
Date Posted: May 06, 2008 at 8:28 AM
   teenkertoy an infinity raised letter logo is simple, before carpeting the panel lay dynamat on the panel. Next get an infinity sticker-the size you want-  and stick that to the dynamat, then with an olfa knife carefully cut along the outline of the sticker going through the dynamat... peel excess dynamat off and cover. The best way i have found to do it................. vinyl and suede requires one layer of dynamat , but carpet is thicker so i put two layers of dynamat.  ....nice thread and nice box 




Posted By: haemphyst
Date Posted: May 06, 2008 at 12:14 PM
I'm excited FOR you, except I aim more towards .5 pounds per cubic foot... I think your Fs is going to be a bit higher than planned with that light a stuffing density. Until you know the results, be careful of unloading... It might happen higher than expected.

I also stuff heavier toward the woofer, and taper the density toward the terminus end, and AVERAGE .5 pounds per cube, throughout the enclosure. (The way I would approach this would be (with your enclosure - with 4 sections) .75 for the first section, .5 for the second, .25 for the third, and nothing in the 4th...) This seems to offer the best overall response, with the best smoothing on the output. I can only thing that any minute turbulences (wind noises, if you will) induced by the stuffing isn't quite so audible with this method.

Yes, I have found the 1:3 ratio really works well. I have also found that adding a few thin dowels across the line helps quite a bit in preventing stuffing "sag", but generally speaking, it's NOT a huge issue with poly-fill. Acousta-Stuff can settle a little bit, and benefits from this treatment. Long-fiber wool DEFINITELY needs the dowels, but LFW will also provide the BEST results acoustically speaking, at the greatest expense.

That XA1000 is gonna be a perfect match, I'm thinking!

VERY NICE WORK!!! I might be in SJ this weekend! I'll keep you posted! (And seeing yours, I may just be rebuilding mine, soon... Thanks. (Be sure you get the sarcasm there...)) 3 feet square, huh? My first one was that big; built for two Infinity Pro-12's, heavily stuffed, and damped with 300 pounds of sand! LOL Don't talk to ME about "overweight"! posted_image

I like the idea of the Dynamat under the carpet... Very slick, boogeyman!

-------------
It all reminds me of something that Molière once said to Guy de Maupassant at a café in Vienna: "That's nice. You should write it down."




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 07, 2008 at 2:12 AM
Boogeyman, that's a neat trick. The carpet is already laid and glued, so I'll have to tweak it a bit. I have enough carpet for a 2nd layer on the front though. The trick is to find something dynamat-ish to use, I don't have any of the real stuff. I'm sure the local hardware store will have something I can substitute.   I really like how it looks in my mind, simply raised bumps that doesn't involve chrome, neon lights, plexiglass, or anything that flashes : ) Oh how I hate some of the crap people put in cars...

Interesting point you bring up about frequencies. My test CD has sine waves down to 25hz which was perfectly fine for the sub I had previously and all my home theater equipment. Looks like I need to build a new CD now hah, never thought I'd see the day! I too am really curious about how low it will go.

That XA1000 is a wonderful little amp, I've only had it installed for a day now but I'm already in love. Everything from the heat sink and power terminals to the glowing Eclipse logo as a power light screams quality build. Oh and my favorite part is how hot it doesn't get. After a half hour of pushing it hard, the heat sink was barely warmer than the skin on my other arm. Sweet!

I'll be around this weekend if you do make it, I can take you for a nice bike ride up Mt. Hamilton if you want? haha it's about one mile of elevation gain round trip. And as for rebuilding your enclosure, I thought it was the new reference all other subs were compared against based on the reviews you've been getting here. Anyhow, we'll see! Once you hear my components up front you'll be begging me to rip them out and set them on fire though, I'm nearly sure of it.

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 07, 2008 at 2:37 AM
step the eighth: install amp and enclosure, again striving for top quality


I started with the power cable the same time as building the box because I had the materials and my cousin was around for free labor, so he did most of the wire running and taking the dash apart etc. It's really hard to see, but in the top left corner up against the body to the side of the battery is a small black box with a red button and red lever. This is a resettable fuse rated to 140amps. I got the idea from the broadcast vans we use at the radio station, they have similar (though much better quality) resettable fuses on all the battery related cables and I love the idea of being able to turn the power lead on/off at the flip of a switch, and not having to buy more fuses should I ever melt one.

I'm using the side post of the yellow top, which some people say to be careful about due to the internal wiring being inferior to the top posts and not able to handle much current. To that I say, hmph. It's supplying the 40'some'odd amps I need for the amp, so it's all good. You'll notice however I didn't attach my winch to the side posts : ) Also you'll see split loom covering the new 4ga. wire in the engine compartment and you won't see the cute rubber grommet in the firewall.

posted_image

The next two photos are my cousin's handywork making a complete mess of my interior. Taking the dashboard apart to reach the power wire from the firewall, removing the rear seats and pulling up the carpet, and having a grand old time making a mess and cutting his fingers on everything sharp he can find.

posted_image

posted_image

Below is the final amplifier installation. The 4ga. power cable is going directly to it for now, but I plan to add a distribution block at some point in the future to power the amp for the components, which also need replacing. Especially after this install, the components I have are sticking out like a sore thumb! Damn they sound bad...

posted_image

The last photo is what this project is all about. The transmission line is sitting happily in my cargo area, perfectly nestled against the spare tire and the wheel well, and between the rear seat and the molding along the floor. It ain't going anywhere! And I have to add, it's damn beautiful. The picture doesn't really do it justice because the project was finished too late at night and I had to use a flash : (

posted_image

So where do I go from here? I wait for haemphyst to bring his laptop and TrueRTA gear up here for some measurements! I'd use mine but it was in my toolbag which was stolen a few weeks ago, curses!

Seriously though, I'll use the belar spectrum analyzer I had earlier and check the response again. From there I can better tune the amplifier's crossover, but right now it's pretty darn close. I'm also beginning to read the many stickies about building a good front sound stage and proper mid-bass etc etc. That should be another fun little project, but that'll have to be another day.

I'll keep playing around with what I have and post some results Soon™.

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: aznboi3644
Date Posted: May 07, 2008 at 2:55 AM
nice build...No this makes me want to finish up my single 10 transmission line...I love being lazy though.

That is a monster enclosure for a single 10 inch sub though.

How much does that box weigh?? I know mine was quite hefty




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 07, 2008 at 3:47 AM
I haven't a clue what it weighs, but it's probably in the range of 50-70lbs. I can move it myself a short distance, but the size is so awkward I can't get it off the ground and into the car, or onto the workbench by myself. Monster it is, but well worth it I think!

I'm looking into replacing my RTA gear, so maybe in the next week or three I'll post some real measurements. The unit I used to have (before it was stolen) was the Phonic PAA2, a handheld 31-band RTA with built in mic and a few basic features like store/recall/average and EQ sugestions. If anybody has suggestions for a portable setup that is not terribly expensive, I'd love to hear it! I don't have a spare laptop to load software on though, so it's gotta be a self contained thing weather it's a rack-mount box or handheld device. If all else fails, I'll go find another PAA2 somewhere, it worked really well.

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: haemphyst
Date Posted: May 08, 2008 at 10:39 AM
So... How's it sound? posted_image We're all waiting!

Forgot about the wife's birthday this weekend, (can you see me missing THAT? God help us all!) so I won't be there THIS week, but next week is a VERY much stronger possibility! That'll give you a little time to break things in! When I get up there, I'll be sure to bring my laptop, mic and mic pre-amp, tripod, soundcards, cables, and have the software all ready to go!

Looking forward to it!

By the way, that's a REALLY sharp looking install! (Except that dash... posted_image )

-------------
It all reminds me of something that Molière once said to Guy de Maupassant at a café in Vienna: "That's nice. You should write it down."




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 09, 2008 at 12:06 AM
Yeah, the wife certainly takes priority. Sometimes I forget my mom's birthday. No wait, I *never* forget. I'm not going anywhere so don't skip your anniversary too while trying to visit San Jose. haha!

Thankfully the dash is all back together now, but we must have missed something because there is a wicked squeak on the passenger's side that needs attention.

There are three side effects I would have never thought about when beginning this project. First, and most obviously, my interior must have a dozen new rattles and squeaks in it from the sub trying to rip everything apart. Second, the carpet material gives everything a kind of "new car scent" because it smells like new carpet (pretty neat actually). And third, the quality of the low notes make the 2-way components I have up front sound absolutely terrible. I wasn't planning on replacing the components and adding an amplifier for at least a month or three. Sadly for my bank account, this will have to happen sooner than later. Alright alright, now onto how it sounds.

HOLY CRAP
I've never experienced low frequency extension like this in my car, home theater, any installation at work or anywhere else for that matter. The lowest notes are difficult to detect because they blend in with all the bumps and rumble of the road. When the engine is idling, it has very tiny inconsistencies that cause the RPMs to change ever so slightly. It's not a bad engine, just the normal kind of imperfect huumm.mm.mmm.mm that engines make. The sub hits so low I can't tell which from which. Is the engine sputtering, or is that the music? Is this road really bumpy all of a sudden? No, that *has* to be me, I drive this road every day. I simply don't know what to do with all the low notes, it's new territory for me to explore.

When I was listening to it for the first time in the garage, I swear I looked at the garage door over ten times because I thought someone was opening it. I never hear the garage door opening while listening to music because it's simply not louder than my speakers. But I can always feel it moving because the thing is so heavy and rumbles around a bit. Well, not anymore! The damn sub kept tricking me into thinking it was opening from all the subsonic material I was hearing for the first time in my favorite songs. Unsettling at first, but awesome now that I'm used to it.

I still haven't made a new test CD yet, but I can say that a playing few sine waves from 35hz down to 25hz make no appreciable difference in volume. I don't think the roll-off is going to start until the very low 20's which is exactly what I was hoping for.

The low pass filter on the amp is set to about 55hz which is the highest I'd like to go, but it will have to sit higher for a while until I can get new components. There is a noticeable gap between the 55hz crossover I want and the point where the components start to kick in. This is very easy to hear with something like a bass guitar which spans the low octaves, but something like a kick drum sounds excellent because it's all below the crossover.

Favorite new tracks are London Bridge by Fergie, Step Into The Arena by DJ Ernie, and Busy Child by The Crystal Method. London Bride has two bass rhythms where one is the typical boom boom flavor and the second is an awesome sub-30hz rumble. Step Into The Arena has some marching band drumline action mixed in with the techno driving-music for a really neat effect. There is also a synthed bass line that hits pretty low. Busy Child has a powerful bass introduction that often sounds boomy on a system that isn't setup correctly, but this install nailed it.

Maroon 5's album Songs About Jane is a little bass heavy and kinda boomy in general, so it was nice to hear it being fairly tame and pleasant in the car. Jack Johnson's album Inbetween Dreams has very well balanced bass and played beautifully. Blue Man Group's Audio is one of my all time favorites and reproduced exceptionally. There is an ultra low frequency bass drum used in some of the tracks that is completely inaudible on most systems but the transmission line sure found it. I remember from the live performance how commanding that drum was when hit, and the sub did not dissapoint.

I'm most likely going to grab a measurement microphone from Behringer to use with that Belar FFT I used earlier for some proper measurements, but that won't be for a little while. Until then, I'll be browsing and planning for a fresh mid/tweet install : )

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: chillin420
Date Posted: May 09, 2008 at 6:46 PM
i was looking for a sticky on tl enclosures but could not find one.  what are the benifits of them compared to ported or sealed enclosures?

-------------
you can do it....
advanced MECP, lol does it really matter....
patience is a virtue




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 09, 2008 at 7:08 PM
Upsides:
very low frequency extension (reason I built it!)
one full range woofer in a home setting can reach 40hz up to 18khz!
can be designed to have a very flat response, or peaky if you like
more efficient than sealed boxes
mostly ignores Vas rating of a woofer (box size not dependent on this number)
tunable after box it built, by using polyfill

Downsides:
often larger enclosures
very complex to design compared to others
little to no simulators available other than Martin J. King's worksheets
less efficient than sealed or bandpass
subsonic filter almost required similar to ported or bandpass boxes

Others on this board will probably have their own points to add.

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: chillin420
Date Posted: May 09, 2008 at 7:17 PM
so if i was building a sq system this could be a very good enclosure? i am only really fond of sealed enclosures, but would be willing to give one of these a try if it is worth it.   haemph  where are you located at.  i know tinker is in sj,  i am in ventura and am curious where about you are so i could see if i could possibly listen to your system. that is if it is still a tl box that you have.

-------------
you can do it....
advanced MECP, lol does it really matter....
patience is a virtue




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 09, 2008 at 11:27 PM
I built mine with the goal of sound quality from the very beginning, and I'm absolutely thrilled with the results. From my research into transmission lines in general, many people are very satisfied with them in this regard. The trick is to get the dimensions right for the woofer you choose. If you decide to go for it, I'll try to help you as best I can. wheeeee!

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.




Posted By: haemphyst
Date Posted: May 10, 2008 at 12:30 AM
I'm in Bakersfield. I have a friend in Ventura, and I see him a couple times a year, but I can get there more often if necessary!

-------------
It all reminds me of something that Molière once said to Guy de Maupassant at a café in Vienna: "That's nice. You should write it down."




Posted By: chillin420
Date Posted: May 10, 2008 at 12:07 PM
is it logical to put two in one enclosure or are they designed for one in general?

-------------
you can do it....
advanced MECP, lol does it really matter....
patience is a virtue




Posted By: aznboi3644
Date Posted: May 10, 2008 at 10:29 PM
they can be designed for two...but the enclosure would probably be a lot bigger. Unless you isobaric load the subs like haems




Posted By: teenkertoy
Date Posted: May 11, 2008 at 3:16 AM
chillin420 wrote:

i was looking for a sticky on tl enclosures but could not find one. what are the benifits of them compared to ported or sealed enclosures?


For a really good, although somewhat biased, comparison of transmission lines vs sealed/ported enclosures take a look at the following link. The information is to the point and easy to understand. I enjoy this guy's website too.

Sanders Sound Systems - Transmission Line Whitepaper
https://www.sanderssoundsystems.com/Transmission%20Line%20WP1.html

-Justin

-------------
Malcom: "This is the captain. We have a...little problem with our engine sequence, so we may experience some slight turbulence and then...explode."
Jayne: "We're gonna explode? I don't wanna explode.





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