Image file names have to be short - I think up to about 10 characters. Hence download, rename with plain characters, and upload.
And confirm that they appear by using the
Preview Post button before submitting via the Post Reply. (There is no other warning that they won't appear.)
However I could view your image by viewing its
dropbox link.
Yes you are right about typical flasher wiring (in old cars, and without combine flasher/stop etc bulbs).
It is +12V (IGN +12V) thru fuse to can and from can to the switch.
The switch then
completes the circuit to the left or right bulbs.
The way traditional "thermal" flasher cans work is a resistive "wire" from its input to output. (Hence cans measure as +12V on their output even when not flashing.)
When the much lower resistance (ie, higher current) bulbs are attached, current flows through the wire which heats up an
arm that closes the main contact, thereby connection the input +12V direct to the bulbs to light them.
Being then shorted out (or bypassed), the hot wire cools, the arm contracts and opens the main flasher contacts, thus extinguishing the bulbs, and the cycle starts over again.
Incidentally, the same technique is also used in older voltage regulators used for some dash instrumentation (eg, temperature & fuel gauges).
But as opposed to the voltage regulator versions (for gauges, NOT alternators etc), flasher cans are often designed for specific loads - ie, 2 x 21W plus a few extra 2W/3W bulbs. If a main (21W) bulb blows, the heating wire heats up slower which means the flasher cycles faster hence warning drivers of a blown bulb (something that many local drivers seem ignorant of!

).
Hence why substituting LEDs (typically 1-2W if that - instead of ~21W) results in hyper-flashing.
One solution is to refit the original bulb(s) in parallel with the LED(s) - though maybe somewhere else (in trunks or under guards or anywhere after the switch) - but then sellers can't make money selling relatively expensive load resistors.
Whilst the latter may be amusing from a $money etc POV, I find it very amusing when the reason for fitting LEDs was to reduce the vehicle's electrical consumption - ie, it remains the same. Hence my main points about NOT using an appropriate flasher-can instead.
Newer flasher-cans are electronic. They sense the current thru a low-Ohm resistor (aka shunt) and then start a timer that
flashes a relay.
Some of those can be modified for LEDs by changing the resistor that samples the voltage across the shunt. That resistor is specifically selected (to suit the circuit) so that normal "heavy" current (ie, 2 or more 21W bulbs) has a normal flash rate, but less than that results in a fast flash rate - hence imitating the warning behavior of traditional thermal flasher cans.
And then there are (electronic) flasher cans suited to LEDs.
Usually these are simple relay flasher circuits than handle any output current, and do not have any blown bulb or LED circuitry.
Blown LED sensing flasher are (or should be) available for bulb-less LED flasher, though these are usually expensive. But appropriate modification of a modifiable electronic flasher should achieve the same - at least for total loss of one of the main LED
bulbs - assuming the dash indicator is also a LED (ie, not a bulb).
So there, a flasher-101 course as I understand them. And you got my objections to using load resistors (tho without mention if how hot they get...).
More than a simple answer, but since you seem interested in how they work etc...