There are technically two types of electrical short circuit conditions in the field.
ELECTRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT DEFINITION: Is a condition where a electrical component, wire, or entire circuit board provides a path of voltage / current to other area's where there was none.
The following is just one example of a electrical short.
1) Semi-short: You have a 100 ohms resistor, which is rated for 1/4 watts. In this example suppose the original resistor only carried 1/4 watt which it was made for. But then, for what ever reason the current was increased / power output was allowed to go past the 1/4 watt rating.
The resistor partially melts, or breaks down due to the increase in current load / power output. You then measure the same resistor and it now registers on the DMM as being only 50 ohms.
Now the resistor is flowing twice the amount of current / voltage it was not intended for. And the other components down the path are also being over loaded with the same thing.
That is a semi-short condition, as the resistor no longer provides the stated manufactured resistive value.
2) As we continue with the same analogy: Assume the same 100 ohms resistor with a 1/4 watt rating is allowed to over load.
And all the byproducts that make it a resistor is now gone. You are simply left with a piece of wire. Which basicly offers zero to no resistance at all.
Now the circuit is being left unprotected and loaded with full voltage / current / power.
That is a full short circuit condition.
A similar sitiuation would be you trying to pass through a power wire into the fire wall of your vehicles engine bay without the use of a grommet.
Over time, due to vibration from the vehicle and shaffing the insulation wears down. At some point the +12 volt supply comes into contact with the bare metal of the vehicle which is the *chassis ground* or ground plane.
The voltage / current / power would be shorted to ground. In this case your vehicle would either start on fire, or the vehicles electrical system would fail. In this example it is a dead short. As the voltage / current goes directly to ground with no resistance.
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Now since your fuse blows immediately. You have some simple things to do first. First, do what I asked above.
Find out what the stated current draw is for this unit at idel, and while operating.
Next, measure with your DMM what current is actually being drawn from the unit.
The next obvious Q would be is the 5 amp fuse the correct one? As a fuse will blow if the load is too high also. Which does not mean you have a dead short, but a over current condition.
Is the fuse the correct amperage for the unit?
The next Q would be is this unit the only thing being powered by this wire which is fused?
If you have tapped into it for another accessory, that too would cause a over load condition and blow the 5 amp fuse.
Varify that this is not the case.
Another very simple thing to check, and this also causes fuse(s) to blow. Is the fact that there is a intermittent ground somewhere in the system.
It is basicly like you turning on the lights in your house. Each time you turn on the lights there is a surge of power / current.
In your case, if the ground wire that leads to and from the unit is loose, or intermittent from corrosion.
This will also act as though you just turned it on and off very quickly, and thus, will cause a hi and quick surge that will over rate the fuse in use.
You will also want to ensure that the power wire is also large enough to supply the needed current, while reducing as much resistance as possible.
Check all the above and let me know...
Regards
EVIL Teken...